Sociology of Work and Industry

No matter what society one lives in, all human beings depend on systems of production to survive. For people in all societies, productive activity, or work, makes up the largest part of their lives—it takes up more time than any other single type of behavior. Defining Work Work, in sociology, is defined as the carrying out of tasks, which involves the expenditure of mental and physical effort, and its objective is the production of goods and services that cater to human needs. An occupation, or job, is work that is done in exchange for a regular wage or salary. In all cultures, work is the basis of the economy or economic system. The economic system for any given culture is made up of the institutions that provide for the production and distribution of goods and services. These institutions may vary from culture to culture, particularly in traditional societies versus modern societies. In traditional cultures, food gathering and food production is the type of work occupied by the majority of the population. In larger traditional societies, carpentry, stonemasonry, and shipbuilding are also prominent. In modern societies where industrial development exists, people work in a much wider variety of occupations. Sociological Theory The study of work, industry, and economic institutions is a major part of sociology because the economy influences all other parts of society and therefore social reproduction in general. It doesn’t matter if we are talking about a hunter-gatherer society, pastoral society, agricultural society, or industrial society; all are centered around an economic system that affects all parts of society, not just personal identities and daily activities. Work is closely intertwined with social structures, social processes, and especially social inequality. The sociology of work goes back to the classical sociological theorists. Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber all considered the analysis of modern work to be central to the field of sociology. Marx was the first social theorist to really examine the conditions of work in factories that were popping up during the industrial revolution, looking at how the transition from independent craftwork to working for a boss in a factory resulted in alienation and deskilling. Durkheim, on the other hand, was concerned with how societies achieved stability through norms, customs, and traditions as work and industry changed during the industrial revolution. Weber focused on the development of new types of authority that emerged in modern bureaucratic organizations. Important Research Many studies in the sociology of work are comparative. For instance, researchers might look at differences in employment and organizational forms across societies as well as across time. Why, for example, do Americans work on average more than 400 hours more per year than those in the Netherlands while South Koreans work more than 700 hours more per year than Americans? Another big topic often studied in the sociology of work is how work is tied to social inequality. For instance, sociologists might look at racial and gender discrimination in the workplace. At the macro level of analysis, sociologists are interested in studying things such as occupational structure, the United States and global economies, and how changes in technology lead to changes in demographics. At the micro level of analysis, sociologists look at topics such as the demands that the workplace and occupations place on workers’ sense of self and identity, and the influence of work on families. References Giddens, A. (1991) Introduction to Sociology. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company. Vidal, M. (2011). The Sociology of Work. Accessed March 2012 from http://www.everydaysociologyblog.com/2011/11/the-sociology-of-work.html

Language Arts - 1780 Words

Application of Language Arts Instruction and Intervention – DTP1 Task 2 Alicia Force Western Governors University Title: Writing Process Grade Level: 3 Instructional Setting: Whole classroom usage, sometimes at desks working independently or with a partner, and also working as a class. Standards: CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.3.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.3.2.A Introduce a topic and group related information together; include illustrations when useful to aiding comprehension. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.3.2.B Develop the topic with facts, definitions, and details. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.3.2.C Use linking words and phrases (e.g., also,†¦show more content†¦Prewriting- Explain to the students that the first step in the process approach to writing is prewriting which includes choosing a topic, planning and rehearsing. Composing- This is where the student will begin to their writing. They should not worrie about spelling, grammar, or neatness at this time. Revising- They should be looking at word choice, and adding or deleting any extra information. Editing- This is where students read through the work and make corrections in grammar and spelling. Now the students go through the paper with a fine tooth comb making sure all errors are eliminated. Publishing- This is where the writer makes their paper public. It could be bound, printed, hung up on a bulletin board, etc. Guided Practice: After discussion of the hamburger pre-write I will show the students a hamburger pre-write that I have previously completed and I will explain out loud w hat I did when filling the worksheet out. I will also use this time to show the students the general rubric I will be grading their work with and go over it with my example and show them what score I would receive. As a whole class we will fill out a hamburger pre-write together, the students will give their ideas and I will record them for the whole class to see. I will ask open ended questions if I want more from an answer and will guide the students into feeling comfortable in filling this out on theirShow MoreRelatedLanguage Arts1055 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage and Art share many similar tendencies. In language, as with earlier forms of Art, representation plays a large role. Language acts as a representation of some elaborate envisioned concept(s), Writing as a representation of a sounded phonic language, and Art as a representation of some subject(s). 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There are many theories that suggest the different ways that children learn, but in the end there are six key concepts that each child must master in order to be fully proficient. These are reading, writing, speaking, listening, viewing, and visually representing. These concepts build upon each other and work togetherRead MoreSocial Studies With Language Arts770 Words   |  4 PagesThis lesson is part of a unit that integrates social studies with language arts. The unit is about Cesar Chavez, and as they learn about this important character, they are acquiring and utilizing skills that will help them with reading comprehension and writing. The students are learning about adjectives and figurative language through a topic of interest to them. They were also using figurative language to understand and analyze a poem. 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I selected this particular area as my focus because I am a sixth grade English Language Arts teacher and am always looking for ways to better diversify what I do in my classroom to help all of my students. I found three wonderful articles that gave me fresh perspective on ways to help my classroom be more successful. Th e articles I chose to focus on involved using journalRead MoreChinese Language Arts For Lower Primary Schools1861 Words   |  8 Pagesand civics textbooks, Chinese language arts of this period shared the responsibility of promoting citizenship education. Between 1912 and 1913, the Commercial Press published Gongheguo xin jiaokeshu xin guowen (Chuxiao) å… ±Ã¥â€™Å'Ã¥Å"‹æâ€" °Ã¦â€¢â„¢Ã§ §â€˜Ã¦â€º ¸Ã¦â€" °Ã¥Å"‹æâ€"‡ åˆ Ã¥ °  (Republican Chinese Language Arts for Lower Primary Schools) (8 vols.) and for Gaoxiao é «ËœÃ¥ °  (Higher Primary Schools) (6 vols.) (see Appendix A).These two sets were similar in scope and viewpoint but for the lower primary students the language used was simpler. It sold moreRead MoreHow Does Art And Music Help With Language Development?2947 Words   |  12 Pages How does art and music help with language development? Imagine a classroom in which children sing every day, establishing singing as an important social and cultural experience in ea ch child s life. Singing is celebratory and social, establishing meaningful connections to children s lives and experiences, such as birthdays, welcomes, sports events, and festivals (Ministry of Education, 2001). Researchers recognized that musical activities reinforce many aspects of language development. For example:Read MoreThe Language Arts Program1379 Words   |  6 Pagesstudent who did not take the language arts program and the students who did. What is the Alternative Hypothesis? 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Health Care Providers and Professionals â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Describe about U.S. health care: providers and professionals. Answer: In the video, U.S. Health Care: Providers and Professionals by Monika Wahi- The narrator can improve the video by using more animations. As per my personal experience, I would be more interested to see recent data. However, the narrator has used data from the year 2008 while explaining about the employed persons at health services sites, physicians, allied health professionals that must be replaced with recent information to maintain student interest. The slides in the video must have less verbosity with stating main points in minimal words. It is suggested to reduce the noise of the presentation by avoiding redundant elements to ensure the high interest of respondents. The slides in the presentation should have large texts and visuals as from my personal experience it helps in memorizing things more rapidly. For the video, it is suggested to highlight the area of current discussion by using call-outs, revealing bullet points one at a time, use of pointers while explaining graphs and use of colorful fonts while explaining the lengthy text.